Armenians went to the polls Sunday in early parliamentary elections called by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in an attempt to heal divisions after a disastrous war with Azerbaijan and renew his mandate.
But the reformist leader, who spearheaded peaceful protests in 2018, has lost much of his appeal after a humiliating defeat last year to Azerbaijan over a decades-old territorial dispute and is in a tight race with former president Robert Kocharyan.
"The destiny of our Armenian nation will be decided today," said one voter, 73-year-old Emma Sahakyan.
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has lost much of his lustre after a military defeat last year to arch foe Azerbaijan Photo: AFP / ARIS MESSINIS
Analysts say the election result is hard to predict, with both Pashinyan and Kocharyan drawing massive crowds on the eve of the polls and planning four days of rallies after the vote.
The election in the South Caucasus country of three million people is being watched by Armenia's Soviet-era master Moscow, arch foe Baku and Ankara, which backed Azerbaijan in the six-week war over the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh.
Kocharyan, who hails from Karabakh and was in power between 1998 and 2008, appeared in good spirits as he showed up at a Yerevan polling station.
"I voted for worthy peace and economic growth," he said.
Armenian soldiers wave goodbye as they leave the town of Agdam last November before the territory wasreturned to Azerbaijan as stipulated in the Moscow-brokered peace deal Photo: AFP / Karen MINASYAN
By contrast, Pashinyan did not address reporters at a polling station but wrote on Facebook: "I am voting for the future of our state and people, for the development of Armenia."
During a campaign marred by polarising rhetoric, he said he expected his Civil Contract party to secure 60 percent of the vote, though some pollsters say those estimates are far-fetched.
One voter, Anahit Sargsyan, said the prime minister deserved another chance, adding she feared the return of the old guard whom she accused of plundering the country.
Robert Kocharian (r) counts Russian President Vladimir Putin as a friend. Here the two leaders meet in 2005 when Kocharian was Armenia's president Photo: ITAR-TASS / SERGEI ZHUKOV
"I voted against a return to the old ways," said the 63-year-old former teacher.
Another voter, Vardan Hovhannisyan, said he cast his ballot for Kocharyan, who counts Russian leader Vladimir Putin among his friends.
"I voted for secure borders, solidarity in society, the return of our war prisoners, the well-being of the wounded and a strong army," said the 41-year-old musician.
Three hours after polls opened, voter turnout stood at over 12 percent, election officials said.
Around 2.6 million people are eligible to vote to elect lawmakers for a five-year term Photo: AFP / Karen MINASYAN
Critics accuse Pashinyan of ceding swathes of territory in and around Karabakh to Azerbaijan in a humiliating truce agreement and of failing to deliver reforms.
Pashinyan says he had to agree to the Moscow-brokered truce with Azerbaijan in order to prevent further human and territorial losses.
More than 6,500 people were killed in the war, according to the latest official estimates from Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Besides Kocharyan, two other leaders of post-Soviet Armenia are backing parties in the race. All three are in opposition to Pashinyan.
On Sunday, Kocharyan's electoral bloc alleged election irregularities, while one Pashinyan opponent wrote on Facebook that a military commander in the country's northeast pressured subordinates to back the prime minister.
A venomous campaign saw candidates exchange insults and threats. Pashinyan, 46, brandished a hammer at rallies, while Kocharyan, 66, said he would be ready to fight the prime minister in a duel.
Kocharyan faces a corruption probe and was also investigated over a deadly crackdown on protesters more than a decade ago.
A poll released Friday by MPG, a group affiliated with Gallup International Association, showed Kocharyan's Armenia bloc leading narrowly with 28.7 percent to 25.2 percent for Pashinyan's party.
Following in third with 10.8 percent was an alliance linked to Pashinyan's enemy and predecessor Serzh Sargsyan.
A record four electoral blocs and 21 parties are running for election but only a handful are expected to win seats in parliament.
Around 2.6 million people are eligible to vote to elect for a five-year term the minimum number of 101 parliament members under a proportional electoral system.
Polls will close at 1600 GMT in an election being monitored by observers from the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
