President Vladimir Putin's party was set to retain a majority in parliament as Russia on Sunday concluded a three-day election in which most Kremlin critics were barred from running.
The vote comes in the wake of an unprecedented crackdown on the opposition this year, with Russian authorities jailing Putin's best-known domestic foe Alexei Navalny and banning his organisations as "extremist".
Russia's three-day parliamentary and local elections come in the wake of an unprecedented crackdown on the opposition Photo: AFP / Alexander NEMENOV
In the lead-up to this weekend's vote, all of his top allies were arrested or had fled the country, with anyone associated with his groups kept from running in the parliamentary and local polls scheduled to close at 8:00 pm in each of Russia's 11 time zones. Polling stations in the exclave of Kaliningrad will be the last to close at 1800 GMT.
"There is no one to vote for," Andrei, a 33-year-old IT professional who declined to give his last name, told AFP in Moscow.
Composition of the Russian legislative assembly, the Duma, before elections on September 17 and 19 Photo: AFP / Kenan AUGEARD
But he cast his ballot in the "sham" elections, he said, to "at least show some kind of protest against the current government".
The elections were also marred by claims of censorship and rampant ballot stuffing.
Recent surveys showed fewer than 30 percent planned to vote for the ruling United Russia Party Photo: AFP / Alexander NEMENOV
As voting kicked off Friday, Apple and Google caused an uproar among Russia's opposition after they removed Navalny's "Smart Voting" app, which showed supporters which candidate they should back to unseat Kremlin-aligned politicians.
Sources familiar with Google and Apple's decision told AFP the move was taken under pressure from Russian authorities, including threats to arrest the tech giants' local staff.
IMAGES Russians are at the polls to elect seats in the State Duma, the lower house of Russia's parliament. The election, which runs until Sunday, comes after a sweeping crackdown this year on President Vladimir Putin's opponents. Jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny's "Smart Voting" bot has disappeared from the Telegram messenger app following similar moves by Apple and Google on Friday at the start of the three-day parliamentary vote. Photo: AFPTV / Alexander ZHDANOV
By late Friday, the popular Telegram messenger had also removed Navalny's "Smart Voting" bot, and by Sunday Google Docs and YouTube videos containing the lists of the recommended candidates had also been blocked.
The ruling United Russia party is widely expected to retain its two-thirds majority in the lower house Photo: AFP / Natalia KOLESNIKOVA
Navalny's allies said that Google had complied with demands made by Russia's media regulator Roskomnadzor, with Leonid Volkov describing US tech giants as having "caved in to the Kremlin's blackmail".
But Navalny's team promptly made new Google Docs and YouTube videos with the lists of candidates, and in a final pitch to voters from behind bars, the Kremlin critic wrote on Instagram: "Today is a day when your voice truly matters."
Turnout was at 35 percent as of Sunday morning, according to Russia's elections commission.
Elections chief said her commission had received 137 reports of voting 'coercion' Photo: AFP / Pavel KOROLYOV
Russian social media meanwhile was inundated with reports of ballot stuffing and military servicemen patrolling polling stations.
Critics also pointed to online voting, new limits on independent election observers and the polls being spread over three days as presenting opportunities for mass voting fraud.
In the second city Saint Petersburg, 43-year-old voter Kirill Sergeyenko said he waited to cast his ballot until Sunday because "hopefully there will be fewer chances for election rigging".
As of Sunday afternoon, independent election monitor Golos -- which authorities branded a "foreign agent" ahead of the polls -- had tracked more than 3,700 reports of voting violations.
Elections chief Ella Pamfilova said her commission had received 137 reports of voting "coercion" and confirmed eight cases of ballot stuffing, with three polling station heads fired as a result.
Going into the lower house State Duma vote, Putin's United Russia party was polling at historic lows.
Surveys by state-run pollster VTsIOM showed fewer than 30 percent of Russians planning to vote for the party, down at least 10 percentage points ahead of the last parliamentary election in 2016.
While 68-year-old Putin remains popular, United Russia has seen its support drop as living standards decline following years of economic stagnation.
But the ruling party is expected to keep its two-thirds majority in the lower house, allowing it to push through legislative changes without resistance.
Anna Kartashova, a 50-year-old pharmaceutical manager in Moscow, said she voted for United Russia because she "simply trusts" Putin.
"We just don't see anyone else we can trust in the current political landscape," she said.
